Figure 12. The arrow is based in the fetal blood within this umbilical cord vessel. Fetal neutrophils have begun to exit the vessel and move into the vascular media in response to amniotic fluid cytokine gradients. The neutrophils in this view have only moved into the inner half of the media. The amniotic fluid space would be at the extreme right of this picture (out of the field of view).

Figure 13. The arrows point to pockets of fetal neutrophils that have accumulated in groups between the bundles of muscle cells in the umbilical vascular media. This represents a more advanced (?greater duration, ?greater organism number?, ?greater immunogenicity) of fetal reponse to intraamniotic infection, and is crudely correlated with levels of amniotic fluid and fetal serum cytokines. The amniotic fluid space would be at the extreme upper left of this picture (out of the field of view).